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JAMB Syllabus for Commerce 2025/2026

by
Jamb

JAMB Syllabus for Commerce outlines all the topics and objectives required to excel in the Commerce section of the UTME.

This article provides an in-depth look at the syllabus, helping you prepare effectively and download the official PDF.

What is the JAMB Syllabus for Commerce?

The JAMB syllabus for Commerce is a detailed guide that highlights the specific topics and subtopics students need to study for the UTME Commerce exam. It focuses on providing a solid foundation in commercial principles and their practical applications.

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Why You Need the JAMB Commerce Syllabus

  • Exam Preparation: Understand the topics that will be tested.
  • Focused Study: Avoid wasting time on irrelevant materials.
  • Exam Success: Gain a comprehensive understanding of Commerce concepts.

Detailed Breakdown of the JAMB Commerce Syllabus 2025/2026

Here’s a comprehensive overview of the topics covered in the syllabus:

1. Introduction to Commerce

  • Definition and scope of Commerce.
  • Characteristics and functions of Commerce in modern economies.
  • The importance of Commerce to individuals and businesses.

2. Occupation

  • Types of occupations: Industrial, commercial, and services.
  • Factors influencing the choice of occupation.
  • The relevance of occupations in economic development.

3. Production

  • Factors of production (land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship).
  • Division of labor and specialization.
  • Types of production: Primary, secondary, and tertiary.

4. Trade

Home Trade

  • Retail trade: Types of retailers, their functions, and characteristics.
  • Wholesale trade: Types of wholesalers and their roles.

Foreign Trade

  • Export and import trade processes.
  • Documents used in foreign trade (e.g., bill of lading, invoice).
  • Challenges and benefits of international trade.

5. Purchase and Sale of Goods

  • Steps involved in purchasing and selling goods.
  • Terms of trade: C.O.D, F.O.B, and C.I.F.
  • Payment methods: Cash, credit, and electronic payments.

6. Aids to Trade

  • Importance of transportation, warehousing, insurance, and banking.
  • Advertising as a tool for business growth.
  • The role of tourism in trade.

7. Business Units

  • Types of business organizations: Sole proprietorship, partnership, cooperative societies, joint-stock companies.
  • Characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each type.

8. Sources of Business Finance

  • Short-term and long-term financing.
  • Sources: Loans, overdrafts, shares, debentures, and retained earnings.

9. Trade Associations

  • Roles of trade unions, chambers of commerce, and manufacturers’ associations.
  • Contributions to business development.

10. Money

  • Characteristics and functions of money.
  • Types of money: Commodity money, fiat money, and cryptocurrency.

JAMB Syllabus for Commerce 2025/2026

TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES OBJECTIVES
1. Commerce


(i) Meaning and scope
(ii) Characteristics
(iii) Functions

2. Occupation
(i) Meaning and importance
(ii) Types (industrial, commercial and
services)
(iii) Factors that determine choice of
occupation

3. Production
(i) Factors, characteristics and rewards
(land, labour, capital and entrepreneur)
(ii) Division of Labour and specialization
(iii) Types (primary, secondary and
tertiary)

 Candidates should be able to:


(i) differentiate between Commerce and other related subjects;
(ii) describe the characteristics of Commerce;
(iii) Identify the functions of Commerce.

Candidates should be able to:
(i) State the importance of occupation;
(ii) Compare the different types of occupation;
(iii) Identify the factors determining the choice of occupation.

Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify the Factors of Production and their rewards;
(ii) distinguish between Division of Labour and Specialization;
(iii) classify the types of production.
4. Trade


a. Home Trade

(i) Retail trade:

– Types of retailers
– Functions of retailers
– Factors to be considered in setting
up retail trade
– Trends in retailing (branding, self –
service, vending machines, the use
of luncheon, fuel vouchers, etc)
– Advantages and disadvantages of
retailers

(ii) Wholesale trade:

– Types of wholesalers (merchant, agent, general, etc)
– Functions of wholesalers
– Advantages and disadvantages of
wholesalers

b. Foreign trade

(i) Basic issues in foreign trade (balance of
trade, balance of payments and counter
trade)
(ii) Procedures and documents used in
export, import and entrepôt trade
(iii) Barriers to international trade
(iv) Role of Customs and Excise Authority,
Ports Authority, etc in foreign trade

 Candidates should be able to:


(i) compare the various types of retailers;
(ii) identify the functions of retailers;
(iii) highlight the factors in setting up retail
trade;
(iv) classify modern retailing practices;
(v) identify the advantages and disadvantages of retail business;
(vi) classify the types of wholesalers;
(vii) discuss the functions of wholesalers;
(viii) outline the merits and demerits of the
middleman;
(ix) analyse the basic issues in foreign trade;
(x) explain the procedures and documents used
in foreign trade;
(xi) identify the barriers to international trade;
(xii) appraise the role of government agencies in
foreign trade.
5. Purchase and Sale of Goods


(i) Procedure and documentation (enquiry, quotation, order, invoice, proforma invoice, statement of accounts, indent, consular invoice, bill of lading, certificate of origin,
consignment note, etc)

(ii) Terms of trade (trade discount, quantity discount, cash discount, warranties, C.O.D., C.I.F., F.O.B., and E.O.E.etc)

(iii) Terms of payments

a. Cash – Legal tender
b. Credit
– Types and functions

 Candidates should be able to:


(i) examine the procedures and documents
used in the purchase and sale of goods;
(ii) determine the terms of trade;
(iii) distinguish between cash and credit forms
of payment;
(iv) identify the types of credit;
(v) analyse the merits and demerits of credit
transactions.

How to Use the JAMB Syllabus for Commerce Effectively

  1. Understand the Objectives: Review each topic’s aim and learning objectives.
  2. Create a Study Plan: Allocate time for each topic and stick to your schedule.
  3. Practice Past Questions: Use past UTME questions to identify key areas of focus.
  4. Download Study Materials: Leverage the official PDF for a structured study approach.

JAMB Syllabus for All Subjects

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